I.H.S.

Study Guide: Religions in the Philippines: History, Culture, and Faith 1. Overview of Religion in the Philippines Religion is a central aspect of Filipino life, encompassing experiences, rituals, and moral codes that provide continuity and cohesion within communities . The paper explores major religions in the Philippines, focusing on their doctrines, cultural impacts, and the theory of universality among them . 2. Definitions and Concepts Religion : A set of beliefs concerning the universe's cause, nature, and purpose, often involving a superhuman agency and moral codes . Universality : The concept that certain religious doctrines apply to all people, promoting coexistence and interrelatedness among different faiths . 3. Historical Background Pre-Hispanic Filipinos practiced animism, worshipping a pantheon of gods and spirits, with Bathala as the supreme deity . Islam was...

Study Guide: Philippine History According to China I. Early Contacts Filipinos in China Before 1500 : Filipinos traveled to China before Chinese knowledge of the Philippines was established. The Tang Dynasty (618-906) records indicate that the Chinese were unaware of lands between Taiwan and Java, considering the South China Sea as a mysterious region . II. Trade and Tribute Missions Sung Dynasty Trade : By the 10th century, the luxury trade from the Champa coast through Srivijaya became vital to China's economy. An edict from 972 recognized Mindoro (Ma-i) as part of this trade network . Maritime Trade Superintendents : In 972, maritime trade superintendents were established in Kwangchow to oversee trade with various regions, including Ma-i, which was noted for its valuable exports . III. Tribute System Definition of Tribute Missions : Tribute missions were diplomatic approaches from underde...

Title: From the Sea to the Stars: The Forgotten Journeys of the Philippines' Ancient Explorers Author : Timothy James M. Dimacali Abstract The Philippines has been inhabited for thousands of years, with evidence suggesting that early settlers possessed seafaring technology. This heritage of exploration is crucial to understanding modern Filipino identity as they venture into space . Key Concepts and Historical Evidence Early Human Presence Evidence of human activity in the Philippines dates back 709,000 years, with tools and butchered remains found in Kalinga . The Callao Cave complex revealed a 67,000-year-old human foot bone, indicating early human presence . Seafaring Technology Ancient Filipinos likely had advanced seacraft, as suggested by archaeological findings and historical records of maritime societies . The  balangay , a large, cresce...

Study Guide: Ancient Filipino Religion 1. Overview of Beliefs The ancient Filipino religion is a blend of Brahmanism, Buddhism, and Islamism, with influences from Malay culture. By the time of Spanish arrival, many areas were already influenced by Mahometism, especially in the Bisayas and Mindanao regions . 2. Key Deities and Concepts Kabunian : The supreme god among various tribes, akin to the Christian concept of God . Anitos : Ancestor spirits revered in the form of deified souls. Good anitos were the souls of ancestors, while bad ones were enemies . 3. Rituals and Practices Sacrifices : Rituals involved offerings to deities, often including food and symbolic acts. The bayok (priest) performed sacrifices to the creator or major anitos . Purification Ceremonies : Captives underwent purification before returning to their communities, which included bathing and rituals led by a b...

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My Business Intelligence Dashboarding Projects: Looker Studio Basic Music Dashboard ( https://lookerstudio.google.com/reporting/d408e486-89f8-4e7e-b324-7c209587d37a/page/2jS3D ) YouTube Channel Report ( https://lookerstudio.google.com/reporting/64edc784-b088-4572-88db-d9e2910df8ee ) Google Analytics 4 (GA4) Report ( https://lookerstudio.google.com/reporting/8787bc64-d607-4e87-ac2c-2b88444fa456 ) Best regards, Ronald T.